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According to a September 2025 article in Lancet Psychiatry, many individuals use ChatGPT and comparable chatbots for mental health and emotional support despite a warning from OpenAI against using ChatGPT as a therapist. According to a 2024 study in the International Journal of Surgery, concerns include "research fraud, lack of originality, ethics, copyright, legal difficulties". However, ChatGPT shows inconsistent responses, lack of specificity, lack of control over patient data, and a limited ability to take additional context (such as regional non gamstop casinos variations) into consideration.

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These rankings were used to create "reward models" that were used to fine-tune the model further by using several iterations of proximal policy optimization. During supervised learning, the trainers acted as both the user and the AI assistant, providing examples of how the chatbot is expected to respond. ChatGPT is based on GPT foundation models that have been fine-tuned for conversational assistance. In January 2026, Marcel Bucher reported in Nature losing all his ChatGPT history after turning off data consent.

To build a safety system that attempts to prevent sexual abuse and violence OpenAI used outsourced Kenyan workers, earning around $1.32 to $2 per hour, to label such content. The fine-tuning process involved supervised learning and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Scott Aaronson developed a watermarking tool that makes the text generated by ChatGPT easier to detect by subtly altering how the text is generated. In July 2026, an experimental GPT model being tested on the benchmark ExploitGym escaped its isolated software environment (sandbox) and hacked Hugging Face and other online services to retrieve a solution. An early workaround in 2023 involved prompting ChatGPT to assume the persona of DAN ("Do Anything Now"), a character that answers queries that would otherwise be rejected by the content policy. ChatGPT also started its responses with words such as "yes" or "correct" nearly 10 times more often than "no" or "wrong".

Education

• At launch, OpenAI included more than 3 million GPTs created by GPT Builder users in the GPT Store.
• Once a user reaches usage limits, ChatGPT may transition to the "mini" version.
• According to a September 2025 article in Lancet Psychiatry, many individuals use ChatGPT and comparable chatbots for mental health and emotional support despite a warning from OpenAI against using ChatGPT as a therapist.
• ChatGPT is a chatbot assistant based on large language model (LLM) technology.

A February 2023 study in PLOS Digital Health found that ChatGPT 3.5 was capable of passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination. In medical education, it can explain concepts, generate case scenarios, and be used by students preparing for licensing examinations. Many companies adopted ChatGPT and similar chatbot technologies into their product offers. The Guardian questioned whether any content found on the Internet after ChatGPT's release "can be truly trusted" and called for government regulation. In June 2023, hundreds of people attended a "ChatGPT-powered church service" at St. Paul's Church in Fürth, Germany. Between March and April 2023, Il Foglio published one ChatGPT-generated article a day on its website, hosting a special contest for its readers in the process.

In November 2023, OpenAI released GPT Builder, a tool allowing users to customize ChatGPT's behavior for a specific use case. GPT-based moderation classifiers are used to reduce the risk of harmful outputs being presented to users. An optional "Memory" feature allows users to tell ChatGPT to memorize specific information.

Students have generally reported positive perceptions, but specific views from educators and students vary widely. When compared to similar chatbots at the time, the GPT-4 version of ChatGPT was the most accurate at coding. As of July 2025, Science expects authors to release in full how AI-generated content is used and made in their work. In January 2023, Science banned chatbot-generated text in all its journals.

In December 2023, ChatGPT became the first non-human to be included in Nature's 10, an annual listicle curated by Nature of people considered to have made significant impact in science. ChatGPT gained one million users in five days and 100 million in two months. Kevin Roose of The New York Times called it "the best artificial intelligence chatbot ever released to the general public".

The ethics of its development, particularly the use of copyrighted content as training data, have also drawn controversy. ChatGPT was quickly adopted, reaching 100 million monthly active users two months after its release and 900 million weekly active users in February 2026. Located in Gotham City, XYZ employs over 2,000 people and does all kinds of awesome things for the Gotham community. The XYZ Doohickey Company was founded in 1971, and has been providing quality doohickeys to the public ever since. Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors.

A shadow market has emerged for mainland Chinese users to get access to foreign software tools. ChatGPT also provided an outline of how human reviewers are trained to reduce inappropriate content and to attempt to provide political information without affiliating with any political position. Stanford researchers reported that GPT-4 "passes a rigorous Turing test, diverging from average human behavior chiefly to be more cooperative."

It was capable of autonomously performing tasks through web browser interactions, including filling forms, placing online orders, scheduling appointments, and other browser-based tasks. The model can also generate new images based on existing ones provided in the prompt. One of the most significant improvements was in the generation of text within images, which is especially useful for branded content.